Point-of-Interconnection (POI) Support Case Studies

Connecting large-scale generation and storage projects to regional transmission grids demands deep expertise, seamless ISO coordination, and bullet-proof engineering deliverables. Keentel Engineering has supported clients across PJM, ERCOT, WECC and NYISO with end-to-end Point-of-Interconnection (POI) services—from feasibility studies and dynamic modeling to protection scheme design and final energization. Our proven approach minimizes RFIs, accelerates commercial operation dates, and ensures first-time ISO acceptance, making us the go-to partner for renewable, storage, and hybrid projects seeking reliable, compliant transmission access.

Case Study 1: PJM 230 kV POI Interconnection for 250 MW Solar + Storage

Client: Confidential Renewable Developer

Scope: Full POI engineering for a 250 MW solar PV + BESS interconnection to a 230 kV PJM transmission line.

Services Provided:

• PJM Feasibility, System Impact (SIS) & Facilities studies review
• PSSE v35 dynamic and short-circuit model development per PJM modeling guide
• Reactive capability verification at the POI
• One-line diagrams, relay protection schemes & switching plans
• Relay setting design for PRC-019, PRC-024 & PRC-025 compliance

Key Challenges:

• Tight voltage regulation and transient stability criteria from PJM TOs
• Aggressive coordination schedule with PJM and neighboring utilities

Results:

• PJM accepted all dynamic & short-circuit models on first submission
• Facilities Study finalized ahead of plan—mitigating COD risk
• POI energized & commissioned successfully on first attempt
• Keentel named preferred POI partner for future PJM projects

Case Study 2: ERCOT 345 kV POI Support for 300 MW Wind Expansion

Client: Confidential Wind Developer

Scope: POI interconnection of a 300 MW wind farm expansion into the ERCOT 345 kV network under the ERCOT Resource Interconnection Handbook (RIN).

Services Provided:

• PSSE model creation & TSAT dynamic-model validation to ERCOT DWG requirements
• Steady-state, dynamic stability & short-circuit data packages
• RFI responses and coordination with ERCOT Planning & TSP
• Protection package design per ERCOT Nodal Operating Guide Sec. 2
• ICCP point-mapping for telemetry compliance
  
  

Key Challenges:

• ERCOT’s fast-frequency-response (FFR) validation under evolving grid conditions
• Integrating legacy and new turbine models in a unified hybrid-code base
  
  

Results:

• Zero RFI follow-ups after initial package review—a rare achievement
• Dynamic-model certification granted ahead of schedule
• Client entered ERCOT market on time, with no penalties or delays

Case Study 3: WECC 230 kV POI for 150 MW PV + 75 MW/300 MWh BESS Hybrid

Client: Confidential Renewable Developer

Scope: POI interconnection engineering for a 225 MW hybrid solar + BESS project into WECC’s 230 kV transmission.

Services Provided:

• Dynamic models (PSSE & PSCAD) per WECC Modeling & Validation Subcommittee (MVWG) standards
• Harmonic analysis & Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) risk assessment
• Electromagnetic transient (EMT) studies on inverter switching impacts
• SCADA/RTU signal list development & point-to-point testing support
  
  

Key Challenges:

• WECC’s rigorous review of IBR models and fast-transient behavior
• SSR studies necessity due to series-compensated transmission lines
  
  

Results:

• EMT modeling report approved without major comments
• Achieved full PRC-024, PRC-019 & PRC-027 compliance
• Preemptive modeling saved client millions in potential cost overruns

Case Study 4: NYISO 138 kV POI Interconnection for 120 MW Wind Farm

Client: Confidential Wind Developer

Scope: End-to-end POI interconnection for a 120 MW wind farm tying into 138 kV NYISO system under the NYISO Generator Interconnection Process (GIP).

Services Provided:

• PSSE steady-state & dynamic models per NYISO submission requirements
• Technical appendices for FERC LGIA (Appendix C – Facilities Study)
• Protection coordination plan aligned with NYISO & TO philosophies
• Short-circuit contribution review & relay coordination studies
  
  

Key Challenges:

• NYISO’s stringent voltage & frequency ride-through criteria
• Complex stakeholder coordination among the developer, NYISO, and TO
  
  

Results:

• First-round acceptance of full model submittal—no resubmissions required
• Finalized Interconnection Agreement terms without material changes
• Substation build-out and energization completed on original timeline
• Client engaged Keentel for ongoing O&M engineering support

Discover more about our Generation Interconnection Support Services for ISO-wide POI expertise.

Ready to Accelerate Your POI Connection?

Contact Keentel Engineering today for end-to-end Point-of-Interconnection support—feasibility studies, dynamic modeling, protection design, and final energization.