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Enhancing Solar PV Performance Testing with ASTM Standards: A Keentel Engineering Perspective

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May 14, 2025 | Blog

Solar panels, wind turbines, and a power plant produce energy at sunset.

Introduction

As the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry rapidly matures, accurate performance testing becomes critical for validating system efficiency, securing investor confidence, and ensuring long-term returns. At Keentel Engineering, we specialize in applying ASTM standards to solar PV projects—streamlining bankability, risk reduction, and performance verification.


The Shift from PVUSA to ASTM: A Critical Evolution

The legacy PVUSA test method, though innovative, suffered from:

  • Non-standardized instruments and calibration,
  • Inconsistent data intervals and filtering,
  • Seasonal fluctuations impacting capacity readings,
  • Unclear reporting practices.

These issues created financial risk and project uncertainty.


Bridging the Gap: ASTM E2848 and E2939 Standards

To resolve these inconsistencies, ASTM introduced:

  • ASTM E2848-13 (Reapproved 2023) – Establishes robust methods for PV performance testing and reporting.
  • ASTM E2939 – Provides guidance on seasonal adjustment and expected system output.

These standards now serve as the foundation for modern, bankable solar power testing.


H3 Key Features of ASTM E2848 for Solar PV Performance Testing

1. Purpose and Scope

This standard outlines:

  • Acceptance testing procedures,
  • Capacity calculations under natural sunlight,
  • Exclusions: module-level testing, inter-site comparisons, and predictive modeling.

2. Data and Measurement Protocols

ASTM E2848 requires:

  • Calibrated pyranometers, thermocouples, and anemometers,
  • Defined sampling intervals and averaging methods,
  • Accurate reporting of solar irradiance, temperature, and wind speed.

3. Regression Modeling

Utilizes multivariate regression to correlate environmental variables with power output. This adjustment allows fair comparisons across varying conditions.

4. Reporting Requirements

  • Independent reproducibility,
  • Transparent test setup and metrics,
  • Alignment with EPC or PPA contract acceptance criteria.

NREL and ASTM Contributions to Industry Best Practices

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) supports ASTM via:

These tools help standardize inputs for accurate PV performance modeling and bankability.


Performance Testing and Project Finance

In today’s solar project lifecycle:

  • Performance testing validates system design and construction quality,
  • Reduces financial risk for investors and EPCs,
  • Influences the price paid at financial close.

Referencing Black & Veatch, performance testing is now embedded in modern contractual frameworks.


Why Keentel Engineering Champions ASTM-Based PV Testing

At Keentel Engineering, our methodology aligns with ASTM at every project phase:

  • Design Phase: Use of spectral data and irradiance modeling.
  • Construction QA/QC: Field validation against ASTM standards.
  • Commissioning and Verification: Post-construction tests via ASTM E2848.

Conclusion

ASTM E2848 is reshaping how solar PV performance is verified—bringing transparency, consistency, and trust to the process. Keentel Engineering continues to lead the way by delivering ASTM-compliant testing, engineering, and validation solutions for developers, EPCs, and financiers.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

  • What is ASTM E2848?

    A standard test method for measuring and reporting PV non-concentrator system performance under natural sunlight.

  • What are reporting conditions (RC)?

    Environmental parameters (irradiance, temperature, wind speed) under which PV performance is evaluated.

  • Can E2848 be used for single PV module testing?

    No, it is intended for system-level performance, not individual modules.

  • What is the role of plane-of-array (POA) irradiance in E2848?

    It’s the key input representing actual sunlight received on the module surface.

  • How is capacity measured using E2848?

    Through regression analysis correlating power output to RC-adjusted environmental variables.

  • What does ASTM E2939 add to E2848?

    It defines how to determine RC and adjust for seasonal variations in expected capacity.

  • Why are accurate instruments crucial in ASTM-based testing?

    To reduce uncertainty and ensure reproducible results.

  • What equipment is typically used in E2848 testing?

    Pyranometers, temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, and calibrated data loggers.

  • How often should measurements be taken?

    Typically every 1 to 15 minutes, averaged over agreed intervals.

  • How does E2848 handle weather variations?

    By normalizing data to RC, mitigating the effects of temporary environmental changes.

  • What are derating factors?

    Adjustments in test parameters accounting for real-world losses (e.g., wiring, shading).

  • How does the ASTM method reduce financial risk?

    It creates a reliable performance benchmark that underpins project bankability.

  • Can different sites be compared using E2848 results?

    No, it’s not designed for cross-site performance comparisons.

  • Is data filtering important?

    Yes, it ensures outliers and noise do not skew test results.

  • Does E2848 address soiling losses?

    Indirectly, by focusing on clean baseline conditions; soiling must be accounted separately.

  • What’s the minimum data period for testing?

    At least one clear-sky day of continuous measurements is recommended.

  • Can Keentel Engineering provide third-party verification?

    Yes, our QA/QC and performance services align with ASTM protocols.

  • What is the difference between E2848 and PVUSA tests?

    E2848 is standardized, statistically grounded, and reproducible; PVUSA is outdated and subjective.

  • What financial stakeholders benefit from E2848 compliance?

    Investors, banks, EPCs, and asset owners.

  • Is E2848 applicable to BESS-integrated PV systems?

    Only for the PV portion; BESS performance requires separate protocols.


Let’s Talk Solar PV Compliance with Keentel Engineering

Keentel Engineering is your expert partner for:

  • ASTM E2848-based PV performance validation
  • NREL-compliant irradiance and spectral modeling
  • Bankable capacity testing for utility-scale projects
  • Third-party QA/QC and acceptance testing

A smiling man with glasses and a beard wearing a blue blazer stands in front of server racks in a data center.

About the Author:

Sandip "Sonny" R. Patel, P.E.

IEEE Senior Member · Founder & CEO, Keentel Engineering

In 1995, Sonny Patel earned his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Illinois. But degrees don't build legacies — action does.

For three decades, he has worked the power industry from every side of the table: 16 years as a utility engineer at Exelon/Commonwealth Edison; generation leadership across hydroelectric, industrial steam turbine, and a 9 GW renewable fleet; NERC Regional Entity Senior Compliance Engineer and Audit Team Lead, auditing some of the nation's largest utilities; and testing and commissioning lead on equipment up to 765 kV — the very top of the North American grid.

Utility. Generator. Regulator. Consultant. Few engineers have seen all four seats. Fewer still have sat in them.His experience spans nuclear, hydro, conventional generation, renewables, oil and gas, mining — and today's data centers, where he is authoring a three-book series on data center design. He is a Licensed Professional Engineer in six states and a Licensed Electrical Contractor in Florida (Unlimited EC) — he doesn't just design the work; he's qualified to stand behind its execution.Today, as Founder and CEO of Keentel Engineering, Sonny leads 51 engineers delivering substation design, power system studies, NERC compliance, and commissioning — done right, coast to coast.Three decades. Every side of the table. One standard: accountable engineering

Four workers in safety vests and helmets stand with arms crossed near wind turbines.

Let's Discuss Your Project

Let's book a call to discuss your electrical engineering project that we can help you with.

Man in a blazer and open shirt, looking at the camera, against a blurred background.

About the Author:

Sandip "Sonny" R. Patel, P.E.

IEEE Senior Member · Founder & CEO, Keentel Engineering

In 1995, Sonny Patel earned his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Illinois. But degrees don't build legacies — action does.

For three decades, he has worked the power industry from every side of the table: 16 years as a utility engineer at Exelon/Commonwealth Edison; generation leadership across hydroelectric, industrial steam turbine, and a 9 GW renewable fleet; NERC Regional Entity Senior Compliance Engineer and Audit Team Lead, auditing some of the nation's largest utilities; and testing and commissioning lead on equipment up to 765 kV — the very top of the North American grid.Utility. Generator. Regulator. Consultant. Few engineers have seen all four seats. Fewer still have sat in them.His experience spans nuclear, hydro, conventional generation, renewables, oil and gas, mining — and today's data centers, where he is authoring a three-book series on data center design. He is a Licensed Professional Engineer in six states and a Licensed Electrical Contractor in Florida (Unlimited EC) — he doesn't just design the work; he's qualified to stand behind its execution.Today, as Founder and CEO of Keentel Engineering, Sonny leads 51 engineers delivering substation design, power system studies, NERC compliance, and commissioning — done right, coast to coast.Three decades. Every side of the table. One standard: accountable engineering

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